Anyone that has used a mobile in the last few years (which we'd assume is pretty much everyone reading this) will have seen an increase in being asked to allow specific permissions to each app you use as you open it for the first time. For better or worse, Microsoft is looking to introduce this approach to Windows shortly.
A Microsoft spokesperson said "Just like they do today on their mobile phones, users will be able to clearly see which apps have access to sensitive resources, including file system, devices like camera and microphone, and others. If they see an app that they don't recognize, they will be able to revoke access.Users will have transparency and consent control over how apps access their personal data and device features. They will receive clear prompts to grant or deny apps permission to access protected data and hardware. Users will also be able to revoke permissions they have previously granted."
Just in case you've never seen how this works on a mobile, when you open an app, you'll get a list of "protected" resources that the app wants access to like your photos, microphone, online storage space and so on, and you can decide if you're happy to allow each of those. This allows you to see if an app seems to be asking for more access than it needs and to question why it might want that. If a photo editing app wants microphone access, why does it want that? This could help flag potentially dodgy apps planning to do things in the background that they shouldn't be.
As with phones, there will be provisions to change these settings at a later date on a per-app basis should you wish to. Assuming that initial testing of this feature is successful, expect to start seeing these prompts in the coming months.